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Ascending lesions may occur following urinary stasis, but hematogenous spread cannot be ruled out. Proteus pyelonephritis is characterized by abscessation and scarring. If septicemia develops, suppurative or necrotic lesions, including septic thrombi, may be found in many organs, but the kidney is commonly affected. Infected animals lose weight, develop diarrhea, and die within several weeks. Proteus has been associated with ulcerative lesions in the gastrointestinal tract of immunodeficient mice. Immunodeficient mice have a heightened susceptibility to pathogenic infection. Clinical SignsĬlinical disease can occur following stress or induced immunosuppression. Proteus mirabilis colonizes the intestinal tract of most humans and is commonly found in research mice unless specifically excluded. Proteus mirabilis is a ubiquitous gram-negative organism that can remain latent in the respiratory and intestinal tracts of normal mice ( Percy and Barthold, 2007). Barthold DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVP, in Laboratory Animal Medicine (Third Edition), 2015 Etiology This chapter reiterates previous works discussed in the first edition and introduce current research being performed on this uropathogen. mirabilis genome and transcriptome profiling have allowed for better understanding of the disease process caused by this bacteria in the urinary tract. mirabilis include adhesins, motility, biofilm formation, immunoavoidance, toxins and nutrient acquisition. The virulence factors known to be involved in UTIs caused by P. mirabilis must possess virulence factors to adapt to the local environment and to evade the host immune response. To establish and infect the urinary tract, P.
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mirabilis, this organism serves a model of pathogenesis for these types of infections. coli uropathogens has been conducted on P. Proteus mirabilis is a frequent cause of these infections in individuals with abnormal urinary tracts or using indwelling catheters (CAUTIs). Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common nosocomial infections. Shirtliff, in Molecular Medical Microbiology (Second Edition), 2015 P mirabilis can act as a pathobiont and play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CD. P mirabilis in the gut is associated with CD and can induce inflammation in cells and animal models of colitis. Both isolates induced key pro-inflammatory pathways, including NOD-like receptor signaling, Jak-STAT signaling, and MAPK signaling, and induced pro-inflammatory genes and activated inflammation-related pathways in gnotobiotic mice. Co-culture of the isolates with epithelial cell lines showed bacterial adherence, invasion, increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-18 and IL-1α, and cell necrosis. Mice gavaged with either P mirabilis strain had more severe colonic inflammation. All 24 Proteus monoclones isolated from patients with CD belonged to members of P mirabilis lineages and 2 isolates, recovered from stool or mucosa, were used in further studies. A greater abundance of the genus Fusobacterium and a lesser abundance of the genus Faecalibacterium were seen in patients with CD with a high Proteus spp abundance.
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Proteus spp were significantly more prevalent and abundant in fecal samples and colonic tissue of patients with CD than controls. Biologic functions of 2 isolates of P mirabilis were determined by in vitro cell culture, and in vivo using conventional mice and germ-free mice. Intracellular gene expression profiles and regulated pathways were analyzed by RNA sequencing and KEGG pathway analysis. The adherence, invasion, and intracellular presence of 2 distinct isolates of Proteus mirabilis in epithelial cells were evaluated using immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Proteus spp abundance was assessed by ure gene–specific polymerase chain in 54 pairs of fecal samples and 101 intestinal biopsies from patients with CD and healthy controls. We investigated the genomic and functional role of Proteus as a gut pathogen in CD. Proteus spp, Gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacilli, have recently been associated with Crohn’s disease (CD) recurrence after intestinal resection. Ng, in Gastroenterology, 2021 Background & Aims